The first step in diagnosing MRSA is noticing that an infection is present. This infection may appear as an abscess (a tender mass, surrounded by pink or red coloring of the skin), surrounding a wound, where there's pus, or could present as sepsis (systemic infection). Signs of infection include redness, tenderness, presence of pus, swelling and warmth. Once an infection is found, antibiotics are usually given to fight the bacteria causing the infection. If the infection persists and does not make any improvements, a sample of fluid from the area will be tested to see if MRSA is present.
What a MRSA infection may look like:
For more details about how the swab is tested, take a look at this website:
Certain laws require hospitals to do routine screening for MRSA upon admittance, and/or before discharge. This screening is not to find an active MRSA infection, but to see if patients are carriers of MRSA. As we talked about previously, many people carry MRSA on their skin, or in their nose and it's completely harmless. However, the screening is done to prevent transmission of MRSA to people with weakened immune systems, pregnant patients, or to yourself through a surgical wound for example. This website explains what one hospital (UCSF Medical Center) does with the knowledge from a routine MRSA swab.
Here's a great video showing how a swab from your nose is used to find MRSA:
References:
MRSA Causes, Symptoms, Treatment - MRSA Infection Diagnosis - eMedicineHealth. (n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2015, from http://www.emedicinehealth.com/mrsa_infection/page7_em.htm
MRSA Testing. (n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2015, from http://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/mrsa_testing/
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